In Colombia, security will be a central concern. Violence and the inability to fully control guerrilla groups leave the continuation of left-wing rule uncertain. In the US, the question is whether President Trump’s declining popularity and controversial policies will boost Democratic gains in the midterm elections. Meanwhile, in Brazil, another Lula–Bolsonaro clash appears likely. But this time, it involves Jair Bolsonaro’s son as his likely right-wing successor. 

There is a considerable risk of political violence hanging over the Colombian election, while all three votes may see defeated candidates questioning the legitimacy of the results, with the US and Brazil having experienced such tensions in recent election cycles that are likely to repeat.